In the world of cybersecurity, different types can be differentiated depending on which part of the system is acted on, the moment in which it is applied and whether it is intended for an individual or a company.
Software Cybersecurity
Software cybersecurity is responsible for protecting the integrity of the operational support of a computer system. The software is made up of the applications and programs installed on the devices and the operating systems that manage them. These systems are vulnerable to different types of attacks that can cause damage from operation to information theft.
A software can have defects that involve from the design, to failures in error handling and buffer overflows. The high frequency with which intruders access without authorization is what motivates the constant development of updates in order to correct errors on the fly.Thus, computer software security is one that is intended to guarantee the protection of the operating system and the programs within it, being key to protecting data, avoiding access to confidential information and guaranteeing the correct functioning of applications.
Hardware Cybersecurity
Hardware cybersecurity is the one that seeks to protect the integrity of the physical support of a computer system. And it is that the hardware is the set of physical elements and devices that represent the components or accessories of a computer.Computer hardware security is intended to guarantee the protection of the physical equipment from the perspective of the well-being of the machine itself through security modules, encryption, authentication, etc.
In order to have a notion of the security of a device and how to strengthen it, the weak points that the devices have since their manufacture are evaluated and how they could be victims of an attack.Hardware protection tools include hardware firewalls and proxy servers, used to control network traffic. In addition, there are hardware security modules (HSM) that are responsible for providing encrypted keys for different systems.
Network Cybersecurity
Network cybersecurity is made up of all actions aimed at protecting the access, use, integrity and security of the network and the data that flows through it. It seeks to protect the integrity of the information during the processes of issuing and receiving it between different computer systems, preventing it from being intercepted and decrypted by a third person along the way.
There is no single measure capable of protecting against all threats, therefore several levels of protection must be placed. These levels can be antivirus, firewalls or firewalls, VPN virtual private networks and IPS and IDS intrusion prevention systems.
Personal Cybersecurity
Personal cybersecurity is that which is applied to an individual user in a private environment. Therefore, information security guidelines affect a particular device user, with a computer equipment that has a single owner. This is the cybersecurity with the greatest reach, since it is estimated that there are more than 7,000 million smartphones and more than 2,000 million personal computer
Corporate Cybersecurity
Corporate cybersecurity applies to a company in a business environment. It has a very high impact, since failures in the security systems do not only affect a user, but also the company itself and its possible clients and suppliers. This, together with the fact that there is increased interest from cybercriminals, makes it essential that there are contracted or subcontracted cybersecurity teams that are in charge of monitoring the security of these corporations.
National Cybersecurity
National cybersecurity is applied to computer systems that are part of a State network. Thus, we are not dealing with an individual or a company, but with the entire computer network of a country. Therefore, strategies must be implemented to protect all confidential data of the State, since a cyberattack can represent a serious crisis for the nation.
In Spain we have organizations like the National Cryptological Center or Incibe.
Active Cybersecurity
Active cybersecurity refers to the protection strategies that are deployed when the defenses of a computer system have been attacked. Once an attack has occurred, strategies are initiated to combat this cyberattack and protect the attacked system and, if necessary, recover the stolen information.
Passive Cybersecurity
Passive cybersecurity refers to all those protection strategies that prevent cyberattacks. They are always active, forming solid defenses that prevent computer attacks from occurring, anticipating such threats before they occur and generating walls that must have as few breaches as possible.
Physical Cybersecurity
Physical cybersecurity is closely related to hardware cybersecurity and is based on an analog protection of the system. In other words, it is a traditional and rudimentary security that consists of keeping physical elements away from any physical danger related to environmental damage such as fire, water, dust and, ultimately, any external agent that may compromise functionality. of the apparatus.
Logical Cybersecurity
Logical cybersecurity is any form of security that cannot be carried out analogically, since it involves all those active and passive cybersecurity tasks that are related to the protection of software and data and information contained in computer programs.
